The Future of Multilateralism: Lessons from the Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) in shaping International Security in Cyberspace

The GGE process (2013–2021) highlights the challenge of balancing state control with the global nature of cyberspace. Since 87% of internet infrastructure crosses national borders, no single country has full control, creating security risks. Cyberattacks on critical infrastructure threaten international stability, making global cooperation essential. However, not all countries can trace cyberattacks, with only 38% having advanced forensic capabilities. This “attribution gap” allows hackers and rival states to exploit legal loopholes. BIPSS Research Inter Zoheb Ahnaf Tibro urged in this piece that different regions also have conflicting cybersecurity approaches, such as the EU’s focus on human rights and ASEAN’s emphasis on regional cooperation. The 2015 GGE report suggests voluntary norms to improve cybersecurity cooperation. Protecting critical infrastructure in peacetime remains a key priority.